Economic Activities in Armenia: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary

Key Economic Insights: The economy of Armenia generates an estimated GDP of $29.24 billion ($9,474 per capita) supporting a population of 3,086,700. Productive output is anchored by 61.3% services, 23.1% industry and manufacturing, and 7.9% agriculture and natural resource extraction. Key merchandise exports include copper ore, gold, diamonds, tobacco, and iron alloys, directed primarily toward Russia, UAE, China, Georgia, and Switzerland.

Armenia, with a population of 3,086,700 (2025), is ranked 137th in population size, behind Namibia. Located in Western Asia, Armenia covers a total area of 29,740 square kilometers, ranking 132nd in size, just behind Lesotho.

As of 2025, Armenia’s GDP stands at $29.24 billion (current USD), up from earlier estimates as the economy benefited from post-2022 migration inflows and strong services growth. Armenia’s GDP per capita reached $9,474.0 in 2025, according to the World Bank. Armenia’s economic position reflects steady growth and development, with potential for further advancement in key sectors to enhance its global standing and economic stability.

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Armenia Economic Structure & Sector Analysis

Economic Dimension	Figure	Authoritative Source
GDP & Macro Output	Nominal GDP: $29.24 billion \| Per Capita: $9,474	World Bank WDI / IMF
Sector Breakdown	Services: 61.3% \| Industry: 23.1% \| Agriculture: 7.9%	World Bank National Accounts
Trade & Commodities	Top Exports: copper ore, gold, diamonds, tobacco, and iron alloys	UN Comtrade / OEC
Demographics & Labor	Population: 3,086,700	ILO / UN Population Division
Strategic Trade Corridors	Leading Trade Partners: Russia, UAE, China, Georgia, and Switzerland	World Bank WITS / IMF DOTS

Primary activities (agriculture): 7.9% of GDP (2025).
Secondary activities (industry): 23.1% of GDP (2025).
Tertiary activities (services): 61.3% of GDP (2025).

Armenia economy by sector

Share of GDP, 2025, compared with the world average

Services make up the largest part of the economy, at 61.3% of GDP in 2025. Agriculture’s share is above the world average of 4.1%, and industry’s share is below the world’s 25.4%. Data: World Bank, World Development Indicators (value added by sector, % of GDP). The three shares do not add up to exactly 100% because GDP also includes taxes on products minus subsidies.

Primary Sector of Armenia

Armenia’s primary sector, with a vast agricultural focus, thrives due to its diverse climate and abundant natural resources. With 58.83% of the land dedicated to agriculture, the country produces a variety of crops and animal products, including milk, potatoes, grapes, tomatoes, vegetables, wheat, watermelons, apricots, apples, and barley.

Agriculture contributed approximately 7.9% to GDP as of 2025 (down from around 16.7% reported in earlier estimates), and its wide array of products provides food security and sustains livelihoods.

Armenia’s diverse geology results in limited but valuable natural resources, including small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, and bauxite. These resources supply industries such as mining and metal production.

Secondary Sector of Armenia

In Armenia, the main industrial products include brandy, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, and food processing.Manufactures make up 48.17% of Armenia’s total exports in 2023. Other sectors help diversify the economy and reduce reliance on one industry.

Tertiary sector of Armenia

Yerevan street illustrating Armenia's tertiary service sector

The tertiary sector in Armenia encompasses the provision of intangible goods and services to enhance productivity and meet various needs. Main activities include restaurants, healthcare, education, banking, communication, media production, and tourism. These sectors contribute significantly to Armenia’s economy by offering essential services and promoting growth and development.Specifically, Armenia’s tourism industry significantly contributes to its economy, with 1,894,000 annual arrivals, accounting for 0.6812 of its population. Yerevan, the capital, and the ancient monasteries of Khor Virap and Geghard are among the most popular destinations, offering rich cultural experiences and breathtaking landscapes to visitors.Another example of tertiary economic activity is the mobile cellular sector, with approximately 3.8 million subscriptions, supporting technological growth. This connectivity enhances digital services, supporting innovation and economic development.

Military Activities and Economic Sectors of Armenia

In the primary sector, resources are extracted for military use, like metals for weapons. The secondary sector includes the manufacturing of military equipment, such as vehicles and weapons. The tertiary sector covers services provided by the military, while the quaternary sector focuses on research and development.

In Armenia, the military had an annual expenditure of approximately $1.33 billion in 2023, which is around 5.45% of the country’s GDP, according to World Bank/SIPRI data. The active military force consists of approximately 44,800 personnel, resulting in about 14.8 active military members per 1,000 people.

International Trade of Armenia

Import Activities of Armenia

Armenia’s import activities are of high importance, constituting approximately 60% of its GDP in 2023, totaling around $14.51 billion, according to World Bank data.Armenia’s key import partners include Russia (23%), UAE (19%), China (10%), Georgia (5%), and Iran (5%). The country imports postage stamps/documents, cars, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, and natural gas.

Exports Activities of Armenia

Armenia’s export activities are of high importance, accounting for approximately 59.45% of its GDP in 2023. Total exports reached around $14.32 billion in 2023, according to World Bank data, which shows how much the country relies on international trade for growth.Armenia’s export activities are diverse, with key partners like Russia, UAE, China, Georgia, and Switzerland. The country mainly exports copper ore, gold, diamonds, tobacco, and iron alloys.

Armenia economy challenges in 2024

Armenia, an EEU and CIS member, seeks more EU and US trade. It has a business-friendly environment but faces challenges with a vulnerable demand economy. As a key copper and gold exporter, persistent unemployment and reliance on diaspora remittances are pressing issues in 2024.

Sources

Last updated: October 2026

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imports of Armenia postage stamps documents cars broadcasting equipment refined petroleum natural gas

Post Author

Juan David Montoya

Economist & Senior Economic Researcher. Editorial Director of EconomicActivity.org. Specializes in macroeconomic indicators, international trade flows, and economic sector taxonomy (ISIC Rev. 4). Analyzes multilateral data from the World Bank, IMF, UN Comtrade, and OECD.